With the rapid development of China's manufacturing industry, aerospace, marine engineering, electronic circuits, new energy batteries and other fields have put forward requirements for lightweight, environmental protection and high efficiency of materials. Traditional single metals and their alloys have been difficult to meet. At the same time, Composite materials with various properties have attracted the attention of scholars from all over the world. In the past 20 years, the system of composite materials has become more abundant, and the technology has been further developed.
Aluminum alloy has the advantages of light weight, good plasticity and toughness, excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, and low price. It has been widely used in automobile manufacturing, electronic circuits, weapons and equipment, etc., but it has insufficient high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and has low strength and hardness. restricting its wider application.
Nickel alloy has the advantages of high temperature resistance, excellent corrosion resistance, low resistance, high strength and hardness, and can be used for the preparation of important industrial equipment such as heat treatment, petrochemical, automation equipment, etc., but the disadvantages of low plasticity, poor toughness, and high production cost restrict the its application in industrial production. The aluminum/nickel layered composite material is a material composed of an aluminum layer and a nickel layer that are combined together through a certain process. New composite materials with the characteristics of light weight, high strength, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, low resistance and high energy density have broad prospects in the fields of high temperature structural materials, battery manufacturing and weapon equipment.
At present, Aluminum Nickel bimetal plate sheet strip is mostly used for the preparation of battery leads. The battery lugs require the material to have a certain strength (peeling force ≥ 5 N/mm), hardness (the microhardness of the nickel layer is 1 300~1 900 MPa) and The mechanical properties such as bending (180° bending at the same position for 7 times without fracture) are convenient to meet the welding requirements.
Aluminum Nickel bimetal plate sheet strip has the characteristics of light weight and high strength, high temperature corrosion resistance and high energy density, which makes it have broad prospects in many fields. compound method. Although the explosive composite method can realize the preliminary metallurgical bonding of the interface and generate a corrugated diffusion layer to improve the local bonding strength, the generation of uneven intermetallic compounds greatly reduces the heat treatment effect and affects the composite effect. In addition, the operation is dangerous. , Environmental pollution is greatly restricted.
The cumulative stacking method mainly uses the "mosaic effect" of nickel particles in the aluminum layer to improve the mechanical properties of the material. Strictly speaking, the material obtained after the fourth pass is no longer an aluminum/nickel layered composite material, because the fourth pass After this time, the nickel layer has undergone shear fracture and is no longer a complete composite surface. If the interfacial strength obtained by the cold rolling + heat treatment process is too low, if the rolling composite method is used
The hot rolling + heat treatment process will generate local intermetallic compounds during the hot rolling process, which will affect the subsequent heat treatment effect, and the operation is also relatively complicated. Therefore, organically combining the advantages of various composite methods, a new preparation method of aluminum/nickel layered composites was developed. It is expected to reduce the influence of local formation of intermetallic compounds before heat treatment while obtaining a corrugated interface. A product with better comprehensive performance.
The following research work on aluminum nickel bimetal plate sheet strip can be carried out from the following points.
(1) Corrugated composite interface. Explore the possibility of preparing corrugated composite interfaces by composite methods other than explosive composite methods.
(2) Precise control of the formation of intermetallic compounds. The final diffusion layer of most aluminum/nickel layered composites is Ni2A13 phase and NiAl3 phase, both of which are hard and brittle phases, their appearance reduces the composite effect, Ni3Al has good strength, hardness and thermal stability, NiAl comprehensive The performance is good, and the precise control of heat treatment conditions makes a small amount of Ni3Al phase and NiAl phase appear on the composite interface, which can effectively improve the interface performance.
(3) The new rolling composite process. The strength of the composite interface obtained by the cold rolling + heat treatment process is slightly lower, and the rolling composite process flow of pre-cold rolling + heat treatment + cold rolling can be considered. Metallurgical bonding and stress relief, cold rolling again breaks the intermetallic compound layer to achieve "mosaic effect" and improve the interface bonding strength.
(4) Solid-liquid casting and rolling + heat treatment + cold rolling process. Compared with the process flow of hot rolling + heat treatment, solid-liquid casting and rolling can not only realize the metallurgical bonding of the interface and reduce the influence of local intermetallic compounds, but also have the advantages of short process, low cost and simple operation. Article (3) has the same effect, adopting this process not only reduces costs and improves efficiency, but also achieves better compounding effects.
In general, the research on aluminum/nickel layered composites has just started, and many scholars are still required to invest in this research to promote its continuous progress and strive to obtain products with excellent performance as soon as possible.
